MD-Pharmacology Course in India

Pharmacology (from Greek φάρμακον, pharmakon, "poison" in classic Greek; "drug" in modern Greek; and -λογία, -logia "study of", "knowledge of") is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.

The field encompasses drug composition and properties, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, toxicology, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.

Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role.

Pharmacology Divisions

1. Clinical Pharmacology
   The basic science of pharmacology, with added focus on the application of pharmacological principles and methods in the medical clinic and towards patient care and outcomes.
2. Neuropharmacology
   Effects of medication on central and peripheral nervous system functioning.
3. Psychopharmacology
   Effects of medication on the psyche; observing changed behaviors of the body and mind, and how molecular events are manifest in a measurable behavioral form.
4. Pharmacogenetics
   Clinical testing of genetic variation that gives rise to differing response to drugs.
5. Pharmacogenomics
   Application of genomic technologies to new drug discovery and further characterization of older drugs.
6. Pharmacoepidemiology
   Study of effects of drugs in large numbers of people.
7. Toxicology
   Study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs, the adverse affects of any chemical substance in excess (including those beneficial in lower doses), and their molecular targets and characterization.
8. Theoretical Pharmacology
   Study of metrics in pharmacology.
9. Posology
   How medicines are dosed. It also depends upon various factors like age, climate, weight, sex, and so on.
10. Pharmacognosy
    A branch of pharmacology dealing especially with the composition, use, and development of medicinal substances of biological origin and especially medicinal substances obtained from plants.
11. Behavioral Pharmacology
    Behavioral Pharmacology, also referred to as psychopharmacology, is an interdisciplinary field which studies behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs. It incorporates approaches and techniques from neuropharmacology, animal behavior and behavioral neuroscience, and is interested in the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs.
12. Environmental Pharmacology
    Environmental pharmacology is a new discipline. Focus is being given to understand gene–environment interaction, drug-environment interaction and toxin-environment interaction. There is a close collaboration between environmental science and medicine in addressing these issues, as healthcare itself can be a cause of environmental damage or remediation.

MD-Pharmacology Seats Distribution in Karnataka

Institution Name	University Name	Management	Intake
A J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	05
Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Father Mullers Institue of Medical Education & Research, Mangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	05
Govt. Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	04
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum	KLE University, Belgaun	Trust	04
JJM Medical College, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
JSS Medical College, Mysore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore	Nitte University, Mangalore	Trust	04
KVG Medical College, Sullia	RGUHS, Banglore	Trust	04
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	03
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal	Manipal University, Manipal	Trust	08
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	06
M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
S S Institute of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Davangere	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
S. Nijalingappa Med. Coll. & HSK Hosp. & Research Centre, Bagalkot	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
SDM Medical College, Dharwad	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	01
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	01
Shri B M Patil Med. Coll., Hospital & Research Centre, Bijapur	BLDE University, Bijapur	Trust	02
Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	03
St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	02
Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary	RGUHS, Bangalore	Govt.	02
Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sc. & Research Centre, Bangalore	RGUHS, Bangalore	Trust	04
Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore	Yenepoya Univ., Mangalore	Trust	02

*RGUHS-Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.